Complicated cases may present with presence of effusion, abscesses in the lungs, widespread bacterial infections (or superimposed infections in patients who are severely immunocompromised). Patients are also observed to manifest with rapid shallow respirations, chills, pleuritic chest pains and use of accessory muscles in respirations. Physical assessment of the patient reveals the presence of areas of lung consolidation, presence of coughing with sputum production, shortness of breath and fever. These classifications would provide the nurse with a good source of information on the etiology of the infection, how the patient acquired it and the interventions that can help address the nursing problem.
These two classifications are made to determine the origin of the infection and not the microorganism that caused the infection.Īnother classification is aspiration pneumonia, where the inflammation is caused by regurgitation or inhalation of substances from the gastrointestinal tract into the lungs. There are several types of pneumonia that the nurse must be familiar with such as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and nosocomial or hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). The symptoms of the disease contribute to an impairment in the gas exchange of the patient, poor oxygen delivery to the tissues, and a host of other complications. In some cases, the inflammation is accompanied by alveolar edema, lung consolidation, and respiratory congestion. Pneumonia is a respiratory condition characterized by lung parenchymal inflammation caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal invasion.
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